Corporate criminal liability

Corporate criminal liability

Specialist sector of the Lawyer. Pierluigi Daniele

  • With Legislative Decree no. 231/2001, the Italian legislator introduced the principle of criminal liability of companies and (non-public) bodies, thus providing for a sanctioning system aimed at operating against legal entities, up to that date exempt from any and all methods of sentencing envisaged in the penal code and criminal procedure.
  • On the basis of what is expressly provided for in Chapter I, Sec. III, of Legislative Decree 231/2001, the crimes covered by the legislation in question can be divided into the following groups:
  • 1) undue receipt of funds, fraud to the detriment of the State or a public body or to obtain public funds and computer fraud to the detriment of the State or a public body (see art. 24 Legislative Decree 231/2001) ;
  • 2) computer crimes and illicit data processing (see art. 24 bis Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 3) organized crime crimes (see art. 24 ter Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 4) extortion, undue inducement to give or promise benefits and corruption (see art. 25 Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 5) forgery of coins, public credit cards, revenue stamps and identification instruments or signs (see art. 25 bis Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 6) crimes against industry and commerce (see art. 25 bis.1 Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 7) corporate crimes (see art. 25 ter Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 8) crimes with the aim of terrorism or subversion of the democratic order (provided for by the penal code and special laws, or in violation of art. 2 New York Convention of 9 December 1999 for the repression of terrorist financing, see art. 25 quater Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 9) practices of mutilation of female genital organs (see art. 25 quater 1 Legislative Decree 231/01);
  • 10) crimes against the individual personality (see art. 25 quinquies Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 11) market abuse (see art. 25 sexies Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 12) manslaughter and serious or very serious negligent injury, committed in violation of the regulations on the protection of health and safety at work (see art. 25 septies Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 13) receiving, laundering and using money, goods or benefits of illicit origin as well as self-laundering (see art. 25 octies Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 14) crimes relating to violation of copyright (see art. 25 nonies Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 15) incitement not to make statements or to make false statements to the judicial authority (see art. 25 decies Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 16) environmental crimes (see art. 25 undecies Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 17) employment of third-country nationals whose stay is illegal (see art. 25 duodecies Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 18) crimes of racism and xenophobia (see art. 25-terdecies Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 19) fraud in sports competitions, abusive gaming or betting and gambling using prohibited devices (see art. 25-quaterdecies Legislative Decree 231/2001);
  • 20) tax crimes (see art. 25 quinquiesdecies Legislative Decree 231/2001)
  • 21) transnational crimes (introduced by Law 146/2006 “Ratification and execution of the United Nations Convention and Protocols against transnational organized crime, adopted by the General Assembly on 15 November 2000 and 31 May 2001”).

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